Normality Calculator

How to Use the Normality Calculator

1. Enter the molarity (M) of your solution. This is the concentration of the solution in moles per liter.
2. Enter the volume (V) of your solution in liters. Make sure to convert milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000.
3. Enter the number of equivalents (n) for the solute. This depends on the reaction the solute participates in (e.g., for acids, it's the number of H⁺ ions donated per molecule).
4. Click the "Calculate" button to compute the normality of the solution.
5. The result will be displayed in the Normality (N) field.

Understanding Normality

Normality (N) is a measure of concentration equivalent to molarity (M) but adjusted for the number of equivalents. It is defined as:

N = M × n / V

Where:

• N = Normality of the solution
• M = Molarity of the solution
• n = Number of equivalents
• V = Volume of the solution in liters

Applications of Normality

Normality is commonly used in acid-base chemistry, redox reactions, and precipitation reactions where the equivalent factor is important. It's particularly useful in titration calculations where the reaction between titrants is based on mole ratios.

Example

For example, if you have a 0.5 M solution of H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) with a volume of 2 liters, and you want to calculate its normality ( knowing that sulfuric acid donates 2 H⁺ ions per molecule):

N = 0.5 M × 2 eq/mol / 2 L = 0.5 N