How to use the calculator
- Enter the disease prevalence (the percentage of people in the population who have the disease)
- Enter the true positive rate (sensitivity) of the test (the percentage of people with the disease who test positive)
- Enter the false positive rate (1-specificity) of the test (the percentage of people without the disease who test positive)
- Click the "Calculate" button to see the results
Understanding the results
The calculator provides two key outputs:
- Likelihood Ratio (+) (LR+): This value indicates how much more likely a positive test result is in patients with the disease compared to those without it.
- Post-test Probability: This is the estimated probability of having the disease after obtaining a positive test result, given the pre-test probability.
Interpreting Likelihood Ratios
Likelihood ratios are categorized as follows:
- LR+ < 0.1: Strongly suggests the disease is absent
- 0.1 ≤ LR+ ≤ 1: Does not help rule in or rule out the disease
- 1 < LR+ ≤ 10: Suggests the disease is present
- 10 < LR+ ≤ 30: Strongly suggests the disease is present
- LR+ > 30: Very strongly suggests the disease is present
Clinical Application
Likelihood ratios are valuable in clinical decision-making because they combine both the pre-test probability and the test's performance to provide an updated probability of disease. They are particularly useful when:
- Applying clinical decision rules
- Updating diagnostic suspicion
- Assessing the value of additional testing
Note: This calculator provides a simplified model for educational purposes. Clinical interpretation should always be done by qualified healthcare professionals considering the full clinical context.