The Beam Quality Factor (BQF), also known as M², is a parameter that characterizes the quality of a laser beam. It indicates how well the beam is focused compared to an ideal Gaussian beam. A lower M² value means a better focused beam.
Learn how to use the Beam Quality Factor Calculator and its working principles
The Beam Quality Factor (M²) is a dimensionless parameter that describes how well a laser beam is focused. It compares the actual beam to an ideal Gaussian beam with the same waist size. The theoretical value for an ideal Gaussian beam is M² = 1.0.
A higher M² value indicates a beam that spreads more quickly and is less focused, while a lower M² value indicates a beam that is more tightly focused.
If a laser beam has a waist radius (w₀) of 1.0 mm, and at a distance of 100 mm from the waist, the beam radius (wL) is measured to be 2.5 mm, the Beam Quality Factor (M²) can be calculated as:
M² = (2.5 mm / 1.0 mm) * (100 mm / π) ≈ 7.96
This indicates that the beam is less focused than an ideal Gaussian beam.