Normality Calculator

What is Normality?

Normality (N) is a measure of concentration equivalent to molarity (moles per liter) multiplied by the number of equivalents per mole of solute. It is commonly used in acid-base chemistry, redox reactions, and other chemical calculations.

How to Use the Calculator

1. Enter the Molarity (M) of your solution (moles per liter).
2. Enter the Volume (L) of your solution in liters.
3. Enter the Number of Equivalents (n) per mole of solute (for acids, this is typically the number of H⁺ ions donated; for bases, the number of OH⁻ ions accepted).
4. Click the Calculate button to compute the normality.
5. Click Reset to clear all fields and start over.

Example Calculation

For example, to calculate the normality of a 0.5 M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a volume of 2 liters:

Since HCl donates 1 equivalent of H⁺ per mole:

Normality (N) = 0.5 M × 1 equivalent/mole = 0.5 N

Practical Applications

Normality is particularly useful in titration calculations, where the equivalent point is often the desired measurement. It allows chemists to express the strength of solutions in a way that is directly related to the chemical reaction taking place.